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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
VS1033 - MP3/AAC/WMA/MIDI AUDIO CODEC
Features
* Decodes MPEG 1 & 2 audio layer III (CBR +VBR +ABR); layers I & II optional; MPEG4 / 2 AAC-LC-2.0.0.0 (+PNS); WMA 4.0/4.1/7/8/9 all profiles (5-384 kbps); WAV (PCM + IMA ADPCM); General MIDI / SP-MIDI format 0 files * Encodes IMA ADPCM from microphone or line input * Streaming support for MP3 and WAV * Bass and treble controls * Operates with a single clock 12..13 MHz. * Can also be used with 24..26 MHz clocks. * Internal PLL clock multiplier * Low-power operation * High-quality on-chip stereo DAC with no phase error between channels * Stereo earphone driver capable of driving a 30 load * I2S interface for external DAC * Separate operating voltages for analog, digital and I/O * 5.5 KiB On-chip RAM for user code / data * Serial control and data interfaces * Can be used as a slave co-processor * SPI flash boot for special applications * UART for debugging purposes * New functions may be added with software and 8 GPIO pins * Lead-free RoHS-compliant package (Green)
I2S
Description
VS1033 is a single-chip MP3/AAC/WMA/MIDI audio decoder and ADPCM encoder. It contains a high-performance, proprietary low-power DSP processor core VS DSP4 , working data memory, 5 KiB instruction RAM and 0.5 KiB data RAM for user applications, serial control and input data interfaces, upto 8 general purpose I/O pins, an UART, as well as a high-quality variable-samplerate mono ADC and stereo DAC, followed by an earphone amplifier and a ground buffer. VS1033 receives its input bitstream through a serial input bus, which it listens to as a system slave. The input stream is decoded and passed through a digital volume control to an 18-bit oversampling, multi-bit, sigma-delta DAC. The decoding is controlled via a serial control bus. In addition to the basic decoding, it is possible to add application specific features, like DSP effects, to the user RAM memory.
mic audio line audio GPIO
VS1033
MIC AMP 8 GPIO MUX
audio Mono ADC Stereo DAC Stereo Ear- phone Driver L R output
X ROM DREQ SO SI SCLK XCS XDCS Serial Data/ Control Interface X RAM
VSDSP
4
Y ROM
RX TX UART Y RAM
Clock multiplier
Instruction RAM
Instruction ROM
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
1
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
CONTENTS
Contents
1 Licenses 9
2
Disclaimer
9
3
Definitions
9
4
Characteristics & Specifications 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 10 10 11 11 12 12
5
Packages and Pin Descriptions 5.1 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 LQFP-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BGA-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13 13 13 13 14
LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Connection Diagram, LQFP-48
16
7
SPI Buses 7.1 7.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPI Bus Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1 VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17 17 17 17
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
2
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
7.2.2
VS1033A
CONTENTS
VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 22 23
7.3 7.4
Data Request Pin DREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Passive SDI Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5
Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 7.7
SPI Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPI Examples with SM SDINEW and SM SDISHARED set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 Two SCI Writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Functional Description 8.1 8.2 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supported Audio Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supported MP1 (MPEG layer I) Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supported MP2 (MPEG layer II) Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supported AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7) Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supported WMA Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 24 24 24 25 25 26 27
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
3
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
8.2.6 8.2.7
VS1033A
CONTENTS
Supported RIFF WAV Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supported MIDI Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28 29 30 30 31 31 32 34 34 35 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 39
8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
Data Flow of VS1033 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Control Interface (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4 8.6.5 8.6.6 8.6.7 8.6.8 8.6.9 SCI MODE (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI STATUS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI BASS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI CLOCKF (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI DECODE TIME (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI AUDATA (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI WRAM (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI WRAMADDR (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.10 SCI AIADDR (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6.11 SCI VOL (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6.12 SCI AICTRL[x] (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Operation 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADPCM Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4.1 Activating ADPCM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40 40 40 40 41 41
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
4
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.4.6
VS1033A
CONTENTS
Reading IMA ADPCM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding a RIFF Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Playing ADPCM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample Rate Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41 42 43 43 43 45 45 45 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 49 49 50 50 51 51 51 52 52
9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8
SPI Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Play/Decode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding PCM data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Extra Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8.1 9.8.2 9.8.3 9.8.4 Common Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Midi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.9
Fast Forward / Rewind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9.1 9.9.2 9.9.3 9.9.4 9.9.5 MP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AAC - ADTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AAC - ADIF, MP4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Midi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.10 SDI Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.10.1 Sine Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.10.2 Pin Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.10.3 Memory Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.10.4 SCI Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
5
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
CONTENTS
10 VS1033 Registers 10.1 Who Needs to Read This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 The Processor Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 VS1033 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Serial Data Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 DAC Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 GPIO Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Interrupt Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 A/D Modulator Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10Watchdog v1.0 2002-08-26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11UART v1.1 2004-10-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11.2 Status UARTx STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11.3 Data UARTx DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11.4 Data High UARTx DATAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11.5 Divider UARTx DIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11.6 Interrupts and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12Timers v1.0 2002-04-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12.2 Configuration TIMER CONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12.3 Configuration TIMER ENABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12.4 Timer X Startvalue TIMER Tx[L/H] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53 53 53 53 53 53 54 55 56 57 58 58 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 62 62 62 63 63
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
6
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
CONTENTS
10.12.5 Timer X Counter TIMER TxCNT[L/H] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13I2S DAC Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13.2 Configuration I2S CONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14System Vector Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.1 AudioInt, 0x20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.2 SciInt, 0x21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.3 DataInt, 0x22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.4 ModuInt, 0x23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.5 TxInt, 0x24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.6 RxInt, 0x25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.7 Timer0Int, 0x26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.8 Timer1Int, 0x27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.14.9 UserCodec, 0x0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15System Vector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.1 WriteIRam(), 0x2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.2 ReadIRam(), 0x4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.3 DataBytes(), 0x6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.4 GetDataByte(), 0x8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.5 GetDataWords(), 0xa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.6 Reboot(), 0xc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 67 68 68 68
11 Document Version Changes 11.1 Version 0.6 for VS1033a, 2005-01-05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69 69
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
7
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
LIST OF FIGURES
11.2 Version 0.5, 2005-10-21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
12 Contact Information
70
List of Figures
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pin Configuration, LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pin Configuration, BGA-49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Word Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Word Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPI Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two SCI Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two SDI Bytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Flow of VS1033. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADPCM Frequency Responses with 8 kHz sample rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User's Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RS232 Serial Interface Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2S Interface, 192 kHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13 16 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 30 33 54 59 64
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
8
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
1. LICENSES
1
Licenses
MPEG Layer-3 audio decoding technology licensed from Fraunhofer IIS and Thomson. Note: if you enable Layer I and Layer II decoding, you are liable for any patent issues that may arise from using these formats. Joint licensing of MPEG 1.0 / 2.0 Layer III does not cover all patents pertaining to layers I and II. VS1033 contains WMA decoding technology from Microsoft. This product is protected by certain intellectual property rights of Microsoft and cannot be used or further distributed without a license from Microsoft. VS1033 contains AAC technology (ISO/IEC 13818-7) which cannot be used without a proper license from Via Licensing Corporation or individual patent holders. To the best of our knowledge, if the end product does not play a specific format that otherwise would require a customer license: MPEG 1.0/2.0 layers I and II, WMA, or AAC, the respective license should not be required. Decoding of MPEG layers I and II are disabled by default, and WMA and AAC format exclusion can be easily performed based on the contents of the SCI HDAT1 register.
2
Disclaimer
This is a preliminary datasheet. All properties and figures are subject to change.
3
Definitions
B Byte, 8 bits. b Bit. Ki "Kibi" = 210 = 1024 (IEC 60027-2). Mi "Mebi" = 220 = 1048576 (IEC 60027-2). VS DSP VLSI Solution's DSP core. W Word. In VS DSP, instruction words are 32-bit and data words are 16-bit wide.
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
9
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
VS1033A
4
4.1
Characteristics & Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol AVDD CVDD IOVDD Min -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -40 -65 Max 3.6 2.7 3.6 50 IOVDD+0.31 +85 +150 Unit V V V mA V C C
Parameter Analog Positive Supply Digital Positive Supply I/O Positive Supply Current at Any Digital Output Voltage at Any Digital Input Operating Temperature Storage Temperature
1
Must not exceed 3.6 V
4.2
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol AGND DGND AVDD CVDD IOVDD XTALI CLKI Min -40 2.5 2.4 CVDD-0.6V 12 12 1.0x 40 Typ 0.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 12.288 36.864 3.0x 50 Max +85 3.6 2.7 3.6 13 55.3 4.5x 60 Unit C V V V V MHz MHz %
Parameter Ambient Operating Temperature Analog and Digital Ground 1 Positive Analog Positive Digital I/O Voltage Input Clock Frequency2 Internal Clock Frequency Internal Clock Multiplier3 Master Clock Duty Cycle
1 2
Must be connected together as close the device as possible for latch-up immunity. The maximum sample rate that can be played with correct speed is XTALI/256. Thus, XTALI must be at least 12.288 MHz to be able to play 48 kHz at correct speed. 3 Reset value is 1.0x. Recommended SC MULT=3.0x, SC ADD=1.0x (SCI CLOCKF=0x9000).
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
VS1033A
4.3
Analog Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted: AVDD=2.5..2.85V, CVDD=2.4..2.7V, IOVDD=CVDD-0.6V..3.6V, TA=-40..+85 C, XTALI=12..13MHz, Internal Clock Multiplier 3.5x. DAC tested with 1307.894 Hz full-scale output sinewave, measurement bandwidth 20..20000 Hz, analog output load: LEFT to GBUF 30, RIGHT to GBUF 30. Microphone test amplitude 50 mVpp, fs =1 kHz, Line input test amplitude 1.1 V, fs =1 kHz. Parameter DAC Resolution Total Harmonic Distortion Dynamic Range (DAC unmuted, A-weighted) S/N Ratio (full scale signal) Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk) Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk), with GBUF Interchannel Gain Mismatch Frequency Response Full Scale Output Voltage (Peak-to-peak) Deviation from Linear Phase Analog Output Load Resistance Analog Output Load Capacitance Microphone input amplifier gain Microphone input amplitude Microphone Total Harmonic Distortion Microphone S/N Ratio Line input amplitude Line input Total Harmonic Distortion Line input S/N Ratio Line and Microphone input impedances
1 2
Symbol THD IDR SNR
Min
Typ 18 0.1 90 75 40
Max 0.3
70 50 -0.5 -0.1 1.3
1.51 302
0.5 0.1 1.7 5 100
Unit bits % dB dB dB dB dB dB Vpp
AOLR MICG MTHD MSNR LTHD LSNR
16
50
60
26 50 0.02 62 2200 0.06 68 100
1403 0.10 28003 0.10
pF dB mVpp AC % dB mVpp AC % dB k
3.0 volts can be achieved with +-to-+ wiring for mono difference sound. AOLR may be much lower, but below Typical distortion performance may be compromised. 3 Above typical amplitude the Harmonic Distortion increases.
4.4 Power Consumption
Tested with an MPEG 1.0 Layer-3 128 kbps sample and generated sine. Output at full volume. Internal clock multiplier 3.0x. Parameter Power Supply Consumption AVDD, Reset Power Supply Consumption CVDD = 2.5V, Reset Power Supply Consumption AVDD, sine test, 30 + GBUF Power Supply Consumption CVDD = 2.5V, sine test Power Supply Consumption AVDD, no load Power Supply Consumption AVDD, output load 30 Power Supply Consumption AVDD, 30 + GBUF Power Supply Consumption CVDD = 2.5V Min Typ 0.6 3.7 36.9 8.2 7.0 10.9 16.1 14 Max 5.0 50.0 Unit A A mA mA mA mA mA mA
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY4. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
VS1033A
4.5
Digital Characteristics
Symbol Min 0.7xIOVDD -0.2 0.7xIOVDD -1.0 Typ Max IOVDD+0.31 0.3xIOVDD 0.3xIOVDD 1.0
CLKI 6
Parameter High-Level Input Voltage Low-Level Input Voltage High-Level Output Voltage at IO = -2.0 mA Low-Level Output Voltage at IO = 2.0 mA Input Leakage Current SPI Input Clock Frequency 2 Rise time of all output pins, load = 50 pF
1 2
50
CLKI 4.
Unit V V V V A MHz ns
Must not exceed 3.6V Value for SCI reads. SCI and SDI writes allow
4.6 Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization
Parameter XRESET active time XRESET inactive to software ready Power on reset, rise time to CVDD
1
Symbol
Min 2 16600 10
Max 500001
Unit XTALI XTALI V/s
DREQ rises when initialization is complete. You should not send any data or commands before that.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
5. PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
5
5.1
Packages and Pin Descriptions
Packages
Both LPQFP-48 and BGA-49 are lead (Pb) free and also RoHS compliant packages. RoHS is a short name of Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. 5.1.1 LQFP-48
48
1
Figure 1: Pin Configuration, LQFP-48. LQFP-48 package dimensions are at http://www.vlsi.fi/ .
5.1.2
BGA-49
A1 BALL PAD CORNER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A B
4.80 7.00
C D E F G
0.80 TYP
0.80 TYP 4.80 7.00
1.10 REF
TOP VIEW
Figure 2: Pin Configuration, BGA-49. BGA-49 package dimensions are at http://www.vlsi.fi/ .
1.10 REF
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
5. PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
5.2
LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions
LQFP Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 BGA Ball C3 C2 B1 D2 C1 D3 D1 E2 E1 F2 F1 G1 E3 F3 G2 F4 G3 E4 G4 F5 G5 F6 G6 G7 E5 E6 F7 D6 E7 D5 D7 C6 C7 B6 B7 A7 C5 B5 A6 B4 A5 C4 A4 B3 A3 B2 A2 A1 Pin Type AI AI DI DGND CPWR IOPWR CPWR DO DIO DIO DIO DIO DI IOPWR DO DGND AO AI IOPWR IOPWR DGND DGND DGND DI CPWR DIO DI DO DI DI DO3 CPWR DI DIO DIO DGND DIO APWR APWR AO APWR APWR AO APWR AIO APWR AO APWR AI Function Positive differential microphone input, self-biasing Negative differential microphone input, self-biasing Active low asynchronous reset, schmitt-triggered input Core & I/O ground Core power supply I/O power supply Core power supply Data request, input bus General purpose IO 2 / serial input data bus clock General purpose IO 3 / serial data input General purpose IO 6 General purpose IO 7 Data chip select / byte sync I/O power supply For testing only (Clock VCO output) Core & I/O ground Crystal output Crystal input I/O power supply I/O power supply Core & I/O ground Core & I/O ground Core & I/O ground Chip select input (active low) Core power supply General purpose IO 5 / I2S MCLK UART receive, connect to IOVDD if not used UART transmit Clock for serial bus Serial input Serial output Core power supply Reserved for test, connect to IOVDD General purpose IO 0 (SPIBOOT) / I2S SCLK use 100 k pull-down resistor2 General purpose IO 1 / I2S SDATA I/O Ground General purpose IO 4 / I2S LROUT Analog ground, low-noise reference Analog power supply Right channel output Analog ground Analog ground Ground buffer Analog power supply Filtering capacitance for reference Analog power supply Left channel output Analog ground Line input
Pin Name MICP MICN XRESET DGND0 CVDD0 IOVDD0 CVDD1 DREQ GPIO2 / DCLK1 GPIO3 / SDATA1 GPIO6 GPIO7 XDCS / BSYNC1 IOVDD1 VCO DGND1 XTALO XTALI IOVDD2 IOVDD3 DGND2 DGND3 DGND4 XCS CVDD2 GPIO5 / I2S MCLK3 RX TX SCLK SI SO CVDD3 TEST GPIO0 / I2S SCLK3 GPIO1 / I2S SDATA3 GND GPIO4 / I2S LROUT3 AGND0 AVDD0 RIGHT AGND1 AGND2 GBUF AVDD1 RCAP AVDD2 LEFT AGND3 LINEIN Version 0.6, 2005-01-05
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1 2 3
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
5. PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
First pin function is active in New Mode, latter in Compatibility Mode. Unless pull-down resistor is used, SPI Boot is tried. See Chapter 9.5 for details. If I2S CF ENA is '0' the pins are used for GPIO. See Chapter 10.13 for details.
Pin types:
Type DI DO DIO DO3 AI Description Digital input, CMOS Input Pad Digital output, CMOS Input Pad Digital input/output Digital output, CMOS Tri-stated Output Pad Analog input Type AO AIO APWR DGND CPWR IOPWR Description Analog output Analog input/output Analog power supply pin Core or I/O ground pin Core power supply pin I/O power supply pin
In BGA-49, D4 is a no-connect ball.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
6. CONNECTION DIAGRAM, LQFP-48
6
Connection Diagram, LQFP-48
Figure 3: Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48. The ground buffer GBUF can be used for common voltage (1.24 V) for earphones. This will eliminate the need for large isolation capacitors on line outputs, and thus the audio output pins from VS1033 may be connected directly to the earphone connector. Unused GPIO pins should have a pull-down resistor. If GBUF is not used, LEFT and RIGHT must be provided with 100 F capacitors. If UART is not used, RX should be connected to IOVDD and TX be unconnected. Do not connect any external load to XTALO. Note: This connection assumes SM SDINEW is active (see Chapter 8.6.1). If also SM SDISHARE is used, xDCS should be tied low or high (see Chapter 7.2.1).
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
7
7.1
SPI Buses
General
The SPI Bus - that was originally used in some Motorola devices - has been used for both VS1033's Serial Data Interface SDI (Chapters 7.4 and 8.4) and Serial Control Interface SCI (Chapters 7.5 and 8.5).
7.2
7.2.1
SPI Bus Pin Descriptions
VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode)
These modes are active on VS1033 when SM SDINEW is set to 1 (default at startup). DCLK, SDATA and BSYNC are replaced with GPIO2, GPIO3 and XDCS, respectively. SDI Pin XDCS SCI Pin XCS Description Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial output (SO) to high impedance state. If SM SDISHARE is 1, pin XDCS is not used, but the signal is generated internally by inverting XCS. Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master clock for the register interface. SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written. Serial input. If a chip select is active, SI is sampled on the rising CLK edge. Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge. In writes SO is at a high impedance state.
SCK
SI SO
7.2.2
VS1001 Compatibility Mode
This mode is active when SM SDINEW is set to 0. In this mode, DCLK, SDATA and BSYNC are active. SDI Pin SCI Pin XCS Description Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial output (SO) to high impedance state. SDI data is synchronized with a rising edge of BSYNC. Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master clock for the register interface. SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written. Serial input. SI is sampled on the rising SCK edge, if XCS is low. Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge. In writes SO is at a high impedance state.
BSYNC DCLK
SCK
SDATA -
SI SO
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
7.3
Data Request Pin DREQ
The DREQ pin/signal is used to signal if VS1033's FIFO is capable of receiving data. If DREQ is high, VS1033 can take at least 32 bytes of SDI data or one SCI command. When these criteria are not met, DREQ is turned low, and the sender should stop transferring new data. Because of the 32-byte safety area, the sender may send upto 32 bytes of SDI data at a time without checking the status of DREQ, making controlling VS1033 easier for low-speed microcontrollers. Note: DREQ may turn low or high at any time, even during a byte transmission. Thus, DREQ should only be used to decide whether to send more bytes. It should not abort a transmission that has already started. Note: In VS10XX products upto VS1002, DREQ was only used for SDI. In VS1003 and VS1033 DREQ is also used to tell the status of SCI.
7.4
7.4.1
Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI)
General
The serial data interface operates in slave mode so DCLK signal must be generated by an external circuit. Data (SDATA signal) can be clocked in at either the rising or falling edge of DCLK (Chapter 8.6). VS1033 assumes its data input to be byte-sychronized. SDI bytes may be transmitted either MSb or LSb first, depending of contents of SCI MODE (Chapter 8.6.1). The firmware is able to accept the maximum bitrate the SDI supports.
7.4.2
SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode)
In VS1002 native modes (SM NEWMODE is 1), byte synchronization is achieved by XDCS. The state of XDCS may not change while a data byte transfer is in progress. To always maintain data synchronization even if there may be glitches in the boards using VS1033, it is recommended to turn XDCS every now and then, for instance once after every flash data block or a few kilobytes, just to keep sure the host and VS1033 are in sync. If SM SDISHARE is 1, the XDCS signal is internally generated by inverting the XCS input. For new designs, using VS1002 native modes are recommended.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode
BSYNC
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
7.4.3
SDATA
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DCLK
Figure 4: BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer. When VS1033 is running in VS1001 compatibility mode, a BSYNC signal must be generated to ensure correct bit-alignment of the input bitstream. The first DCLK sampling edge (rising or falling, depending on selected polarity), during which the BSYNC is high, marks the first bit of a byte (LSB, if LSB-first order is used, MSB, if MSB-first order is used). If BSYNC is '1' when the last bit is received, the receiver stays active and next 8 bits are also received.
BSYNC
SDATA
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DCLK
Figure 5: BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer.
7.4.4
Passive SDI Mode
If SM NEWMODE is 0 and SM SDISHARE is 1, the operation is otherwise like the VS1001 compatibility mode, but bits are only received while the BSYNC signal is '1'. Rising edge of BSYNC is still used for synchronization.
7.5 Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI)
7.5.1 General
The serial bus protocol for the Serial Command Interface SCI (Chapter 8.5) consists of an instruction byte, address byte and one 16-bit data word. Each read or write operation can read or write a single register. Data bits are read at the rising edge, so the user should update data at the falling edge. Bytes are always send MSb first. XCS should be low for the full duration of the operation, but you can have pauses between bits if needed. The operation is specified by an 8-bit instruction opcode. The supported instructions are read and write. See table below. Instruction Name Opcode Operation READ 0b0000 0011 Read data WRITE 0b0000 0010 Write data Note: VS1033 sets DREQ low after each SCI operation. The duration depends on the operation. It is not allowed to start a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ is high again.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI Read
XCS 0 SCK 3 SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 address 15 14 SO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 don't care data out 1 0 X don't care 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 30 31
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
7.5.2
instruction (read)
execution DREQ
Figure 6: SCI Word Read VS1033 registers are read from using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 6. First, XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the READ opcode (0x3) is transmitted via the SI line followed by an 8-bit word address. After the address has been read in, any further data on SI is ignored by the chip. The 16-bit data corresponding to the received address will be shifted out onto the SO line. XCS should be driven high after data has been shifted out. DREQ is driven low for a short while when in a read operation by the chip. This is a very short time and doesn't require special user attention.
7.5.3
SCI Write
XCS 0 SCK 3 SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 data out 0 0X 2 1 0 15 14 1 0 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 30 31
instruction (write) SO 0 0 0 0 0 0
execution DREQ
Figure 7: SCI Word Write VS1033 registers are written from using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 7. First, XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the WRITE opcode (0x2) is transmitted via the SI line followed by an 8-bit word address.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
After the word has been shifted in and the last clock has been sent, XCS should be pulled high to end the WRITE sequence. After the last bit has been sent, DREQ is driven low for the duration of the register update, marked "execution" in the figure. The time varies depending on the register and its contents (see table in Chapter 8.6 for details). If the maximum time is longer than what it takes from the microcontroller to feed the next SCI command or SDI byte, it is not allowed to finish a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ has risen up again.
7.6
SPI Timing Diagram
tXCSS tWL tWH tXCSH
XCS 0 SCK 1 14 15 16 30 31 tXCS
SI tH tSU SO tZ tV tDIS
Figure 8: SPI Timing Diagram. Symbol tXCSS tSU tH tZ tWL tWH tV tXCSH tXCS tDIS
1
Min 5 -26 2 0 2 2 -26 2
Max
2 (+ 25ns1 )
10
Unit ns ns CLKI cycles ns CLKI cycles CLKI cycles CLKI cycles ns CLKI cycles ns
25ns is when pin loaded with 100pF capacitance. The time is shorter with lower capacitance.
Note: As tWL and tWH, as well as tH require at least 2 clock cycles, the maximum speed for the SPI bus that can easily be used is 1/6 of VS1033's internal clock speed CLKI. Slightly higher speed can be achieved with very careful timing tuning. For details, see Application Notes for VS10XX. Note: Although the timing is derived from the internal clock CLKI, the system always starts up in 1.0x mode, thus CLKI=XTALI. Note: Negative numbers mean that the signal can change in different order from what is shown in the diagram.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
7.7
7.7.1
SPI Examples with SM SDINEW and SM SDISHARED set
Two SCI Writes
SCI Write 1 SCI Write 2
XCS 0 SCK 1 SI 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 2 1 0 X 1 2 3 30 31 32 33 61 62 63
DREQ up before finishing next SCI write
DREQ
Figure 9: Two SCI Operations. Figure 9 shows two consecutive SCI operations. Note that xCS must be raised to inactive state between the writes. Also DREQ must be respected as shown in the figure.
7.7.2
Two SDI Bytes
SDI Byte 1 SDI Byte 2
XCS 0 SCK 7 SI 6 5 4 3 1 0 7 6 5 2 1 0 X 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 13 14 15
DREQ
Figure 10: Two SDI Bytes. SDI data is synchronized with a raising edge of xCS as shown in Figure 10. However, every byte doesn't need separate synchronization.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes
SDI Byte SCI Operation SDI Byte
VS1033A
7. SPI BUSES
7.7.3
XCS 0 SCK 1 7 8 9 39 40 41 46 47
7 SI
6
5
1 0 0
0
7
6
5
1
0 X
DREQ high before end of next transfer
Figure 11: Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation. Figure 11 shows how an SCI operation is embedded in between SDI operations. xCS edges are used to synchronize both SDI and SCI. Remember to respect DREQ as shown in the figure.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8
8.1
Functional Description
Main Features
VS1033 is based on a proprietary digital signal processor, VS DSP. It contains all the code and data memory needed for MP3, AAC, WMA and WAV PCM + ADPCM audio decoding, MIDI synthesizer, together with serial interfaces, a multirate stereo audio DAC and analog output amplifiers and filters. Also ADPCM audio encoding is supported using a microphone amplifier and A/D converter. A UART is provided for debugging purposes.
8.2 Supported Audio Codecs
Conventions Description Format is supported Format exists but is not supported Format doesn't exist
Mark + -
8.2.1
Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats
MPEG 1.01 :
Samplerate / Hz 48000 44100 32000 32 + + + 40 + + + 48 + + + 56 + + + 64 + + + 80 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 96 112 128 + + + + + + + + + 160 + + + 192 + + + 224 + + + 256 + + + 320 + + +
MPEG 2.01 :
Samplerate / Hz 24000 22050 16000 8 + + + 16 + + + 24 + + + 32 + + + 40 + + + 48 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 56 64 80 + + + + + + + + + 96 + + + 112 + + + 128 + + + 144 + + + 160 + + +
MPEG 2.51 :
Samplerate / Hz 12000 11025 8000
1
8 + + +
16 + + +
24 + + +
32 + + +
40 + + +
48 + + +
Bitrate / kbit/s 56 64 80 + + + + + + + + +
96 + + +
112 + + +
128 + + +
144 + + +
160 + + +
Also all variable bitrate (VBR) formats are supported.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Supported MP1 (MPEG layer I) Formats
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.2.2
Note: Layer I / II decoding must be specifically enabled from SCI MODE register. MPEG 1.0:
Samplerate / Hz 48000 44100 32000 32 + + + 64 + + + 96 + + + 128 + + + 160 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 192 224 256 288 + + + + + + + + + + + + 320 + + + 352 + + + 384 + + + 416 + + + 448 + + +
MPEG 2.0:
Samplerate / Hz 24000 22050 16000 32 ? ? ? 48 ? ? ? 56 ? ? ? 64 ? ? ? 80 ? ? ? 96 ? ? ? Bitrate / kbit/s 112 128 144 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 160 ? ? ? 176 ? ? ? 192 ? ? ? 224 ? ? ? 256 ? ? ?
8.2.3
Supported MP2 (MPEG layer II) Formats
Note: Layer I / II decoding must be specifically enabled from SCI MODE register. MPEG 1.0:
Samplerate / Hz 48000 44100 32000 32 + + + 48 + + + 56 + + + 64 + + + 80 + + + 96 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 112 128 160 + + + + + + + + + 192 + + + 224 + + + 256 + + + 320 + + + 384 + + +
MPEG 2.0:
Samplerate / Hz 24000 22050 16000 8 + + + 16 + + + 24 + + + 32 + + + 40 + + + 48 + + + Bitrate / kbit/s 56 64 80 + + + + + + + + + 96 + + + 112 + + + 128 + + + 144 + + + 160 + + +
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Supported AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7) Formats
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.2.4
VS1033 decodes MPEG2-AAC-LC-2.0.0.0 and MPEG4-AAC-LC-2.0.0.0 streams. This means that the low complexity profile with maximum of two channels can be decoded. If a stream contains more than one element and/or element type, you can select which one to decode from the 16 single-channel, 16 channel-pair, and 16 low-frequency elements. The default is to select the first one that appears in the stream. Dynamic range control (DRC) is supported and can be controlled by the user to limit or enhance the dynamic range of the material that has DRC information. Both Sine window and Kaiser-Bessel-derived window are supported. For MPEG4 pseudo-random noise substitution (PNS) is supported. Short frames (120 and 960 samples) are not supported. For AAC the streaming ADTS format is recommended. This format allows easy rewind and fast forward because resynchronization is easily possible. In addition to ADTS (.aac), MPEG2 ADIF (.aac) and MPEG4 AUDIO (.mp4 / .m4a) files are played, but these formats are less suitable for rewind and fast forward operations. You can still implement these features by using the safe jump points table and seek mechanism provided, or using slightly less robust but much easier automatic resync mechanism (see Section 9.9). Note: To be able to play the .mp4 and .m4a files, the mdat chunk must be the last chunk in the file. AAC12 :
Samplerate / Hz 48000 44100 32000 24000 22050 16000 12000 11025 8000
1 2
96 + + + + + + + + +
Maximum Bitrate kbit/s - for 2 channels 132 144 192 264 288 384 529 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
576 +
64000 Hz, 88200 Hz, and 96000 Hz AAC files are played but with wrong speed.
Also all variable bitrate (VBR) formats are supported. Note that the table gives the maximum bitrate allowed for two channels for a specific sample rate as defined by the AAC specification. The decoder does not actually have a lower or upper limit.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Supported WMA Formats
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.2.5
Windows Media Audio codec versions 2, 7, 8, and 9 are supported. All WMA profiles (L1, L2, and L3) are supported. Previously streams were separated into Classes 1, 2a, 2b, and 3. The decoder has passed Microsoft's conformance testing program. WMA 4.0 / 4.1:
Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + + 16 20 Bitrate / kbit/s 22 32 40 48 64 80 96 128 160 192
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
WMA 7:
Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + + 16 20 Bitrate / kbit/s 22 32 40 48 64 80 96 128 160 192
+ +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+
WMA 8:
Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + + 16 20 Bitrate / kbit/s 22 32 40 48 64 80 96 128 160 192
+ +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
WMA 9:
Samplerate / Hz 8000 11025 16000 22050 32000 44100 48000 5 + 6 + 8 + + 10 + + 12 + + 16 20 22 Bitrate / kbit/s 32 40 48 64 80 96 128 160 192 256 320
+ +
+ + + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
In addition to these expected WMA decoding profiles, all other bitrate and samplerate combinations are supported, including variable bitrate WMA streams. Note that WMA does not consume the bitstream as evenly as MP3, so you need a higher peak transfer capability for clean playback at the same bitrate.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Supported RIFF WAV Formats
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.2.6
The most common RIFF WAV subformats are supported.
Format 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x06 0x07 0x10 0x11 0x15 0x16 0x30 0x31 0x3b 0x3c 0x40 0x41 0x50 0x55 0x64 0x65 Name PCM ADPCM IEEE FLOAT ALAW MULAW OKI ADPCM IMA ADPCM DIGISTD DIGIFIX DOLBY AC2 GSM610 ROCKWELL ADPCM ROCKWELL DIGITALK G721 ADPCM G728 CELP MPEG MPEGLAYER3 G726 ADPCM G722 ADPCM Supported + + + Comments 16 and 8 bits, any sample rate 48kHz
Any sample rate 48kHz
For supported MP3 modes, see Chapter 8.2.1
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Supported MIDI Formats
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.2.7
General MIDI and SP-MIDI format 0 files are played. Format 1 and 2 files must be converted to format 0 by the user. The maximum simultaneous polyphony is 40. Actual polyphony depends on the internal clock rate (which is user-selectable), the instruments used, whether the reverb effect is enabled, and the possible global postprocessing effects enabled, such as bass and treble enhancers. The polyphony restriction algorithm makes use of the SP-MIDI MIP table, if present. 36.86 MHz (3.0x input clock) achieves 16-26 simultaneous sustained notes. The instantaneous amount of notes can be larger. 36 MHz is a fair compromise between power consumption and quality, but higher clocks can be used to increase the polyphony. Reverb effect can be controlled by the user. In addition to reverb automatic and reverb off modes, 14 different decay times can be selected. These roughly correspond to different room sizes. Also, each midi song decides how much effect each instrument gets. Because the reverb effect uses about 4 MHz of processing power the automatic control enables reverb only when the internal clock is at least 3.0x. 31 new instruments have been implemented in addition to the 36 that are available in VS1003.
VS1003 Effect reverse cymbal guitar fret noise breath seashore bird tweet telephone helicopter applause gunshot New in VS1033 Melodic Percussion slap bass 1 high mid tom synth bass 1 low mid tom synth bass 2 high floor tom church organ low floor tom guitar (nylon) crash cymbal 1 choir aahs cow bell pizzicato strings open triangle square lead mute triangle chiff lead long whistle fifths lead short whistle bass lead side stick warm pad hand clap polysynth cabasa sweep pad low wood block wood block high wood block castanets
Melodic piano vibraphone organ guitar distortion guitar bass violin strings trumpet sax flute lead pad steeldrum
Percussion bass drum snare closed hihat open hihat high tom low tom crash cymbal 2 ride cymbal tambourine high conga low conga maracas claves
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.3
SDI
Data Flow of VS1033
Bitstream FIFO
MP3 WAV/ADPCM/ WMA / AAC / MIDI decode
SM_ADPCM=0
AIADDR = 0 User Application AIADDR != 0
SB_AMPLITUDE=0 Bass enhancer SB_AMPLITUDE!=0
ST_AMPLITUDE=0 Treble enhancer ST_AMPLITUDE!=0 Volume control SCI_VOL Audio FIFO 2048 stereo samples L S.rate.conv. R and DAC
Figure 12: Data Flow of VS1033. First, depending on the audio data, and provided ADPCM encoding mode is not set, MP3, WMA, AAC, PCM WAV, IMA ADPCM WAV, or MIDI data is received and decoded from the SDI bus. After decoding, if SCI AIADDR is non-zero, application code is executed from the address pointed to by that register. For more details, see Application Notes for VS10XX. Then data may be sent to the Bass and Treble Enhancer depending on the SCI BASS register. After that the signal is fed to the volume control unit, which also copies the data to the Audio FIFO. The Audio FIFO holds the data, which is read by the Audio interrupt (Chapter 10.14.1) and fed to the sample rate converter and DACs. The size of the audio FIFO is 2048 stereo (2x16-bit) samples, or 8 KiB. The sample rate converter converts all different sample rates to XTALI/2, or 128 times the highest usable sample rate. This removes the need for complex PLL-based clocking schemes and allows almost unlimited sample rate accuracy with one fixed input clock frequency. With a 12.288 MHz clock, the DA converter operates at 128 x 48 kHz, i.e. 6.144 MHz, and creates a stereo in-phase analog signal. The oversampled output is low-pass filtered by an on-chip analog filter. This signal is then forwarded to the earphone amplifier.
8.4 Serial Data Interface (SDI)
The serial data interface is meant for transferring compressed MP3, WMA, or AAC data, WAV PCM and ADPCM data as well as MIDI data. If the input of the decoder is invalid or it is not received fast enough, analog outputs are automatically muted. Also several different tests may be activated through SDI as described in Chapter 9.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.5
Serial Control Interface (SCI)
The serial control interface is compatible with the SPI bus specification. Data transfers are always 16 bits. VS1033 is controlled by writing and reading the registers of the interface. The main controls of the control interface are: * * * * control of the operation mode, clock, and builtin effects access to status information and header data access to encoded digital data uploading user programs
8.6
SCI Registers
VS1033 sets DREQ low when it detects an SCI operation and restores it when it has processed the operation. The duration depends on the operation. Do not start a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ is high again. If DREQ is low when an SCI operation is performed, it also stays low after SCI operation processing. SCI registers, prefix SCI Time1 Abbrev[bits] 70 CLKI4 MODE 40 CLKI STATUS 2100 CLKI BASS 11000 XTALI5 CLOCKF 40 CLKI DECODE TIME 3200 CLKI AUDATA 80 CLKI WRAM 80 CLKI WRAMADDR - HDAT0 - HDAT1 3200 CLKI2 AIADDR 2100 CLKI VOL 50 CLKI2 AICTRL0 50 CLKI2 AICTRL1 50 CLKI2 AICTRL2 50 CLKI2 AICTRL3
Reg 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x8 0x9 0xA 0xB 0xC 0xD 0xE 0xF
1
Type rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw r r rw rw rw rw rw rw
Reset 0x800 0x0C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Description Mode control Status of VS1033 Built-in bass/treble enhancer Clock freq + multiplier Decode time in seconds Misc. audio data RAM write/read Base address for RAM write/read Stream header data 0 Stream header data 1 Start address of application Volume control Application control register 0 Application control register 1 Application control register 2 Application control register 3
This is the worst-case time that DREQ stays low after writing to this register. The user may choose to skip the DREQ check for those register writes that take less than 100 clock cycles to execute.
2 3 4 5
In addition, the cycles spent in the user application routine must be counted. Firmware changes the value of this register immediately to 0x48, and in less than 100 ms to 0x40. When mode register write specifies a software reset the worst-case time is 16600 XTALI cycles.
Writing to this register may force internal clock to run at 1.0 x XTALI for a while. Thus it is not a good idea to send SCI or SDI bits while this register update is in progress.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI MODE (RW)
Bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Name SM DIFF SM LAYER12 SM RESET SM OUTOFWAV SM PDOWN SM TESTS SM STREAM SM SETTOZERO2 SM DACT SM SDIORD SM SDISHARE SM SDINEW SM ADPCM SM ADPCM HP SM LINE IN SM CLK RANGE Function Differential Allow MPEG layers I & II Soft reset Jump out of WAV decoding Powerdown Allow SDI tests Stream mode Set to zero DCLK active edge SDI bit order Share SPI chip select VS1002 native SPI modes ADPCM recording active ADPCM high-pass filter active ADPCM recording selector Input clock range
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.6.1
SCI MODE is used to control the operation of VS1033 and defaults to 0x0800 (SM SDINEW set).
Value 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Description normal in-phase audio left channel inverted no yes no reset reset no yes power on powerdown not allowed allowed no yes right wrong rising falling MSb first MSb last no yes no yes no yes no yes microphone line in 12..13 MHz 24..26 MHz
When SM DIFF is set, the player inverts the left channel output. For a stereo input this creates virtual surround, and for a mono input this creates a differential left/right signal. SM LAYER12 enables MPEG 1.0 and 2.0 layer I and II decoding in addition to layer III. If you enable Layer I and Layer II decoding, you are liable for any patent issues that may arise. Joint licensing of MPEG 1.0 / 2.0 Layer III does not cover all patents pertaining to layers I and II. Software reset is initiated by setting SM RESET to 1. This bit is cleared automatically. If you want to stop decoding a WAV, WMA, or MIDI file in the middle, set SM OUTOFWAV, and send data honouring DREQ until SM OUTOFWAV is cleared. SCI HDAT1 will also be cleared. For WMA and MIDI it is safest to continue sending the stream, send zeroes for WAV. Bit SM PDOWN sets VS1033 into software powerdown mode. During powerdown, no audio is played and no SDI operations are performed. For best results, set SCI VOL to 0xFFFF before activating software powerdown. Note that software powerdown is not nearly as power efficient as hardware powerdown activated with the XRESET pin. If SM TESTS is set, SDI tests are allowed. For more details on SDI tests, look at Chapter 9.10.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SM STREAM activates VS1033's stream mode. In this mode, data should be sent with as even intervals as possible and preferable in blocks of less than 512 bytes, and VS1033 makes every attempt to keep its input buffer half full by changing its playback speed upto 5%. For best quality sound, the average speed error should be within 0.5%, the bitrate should not exceed 160 kbit/s and VBR should not be used. For details, see Application Notes for VS10XX. This mode only works with MP3 and WAV files. SM DACT defines the active edge of data clock for SDI. When '0', data is read at the rising edge, when '1', data is read at the falling edge. When SM SDIORD is clear, bytes on SDI are sent MSb first. By setting SM SDIORD, the user may reverse the bit order for SDI, i.e. bit 0 is received first and bit 7 last. Bytes are, however, still sent in the default order. This register bit has no effect on the SCI bus. Setting SM SDISHARE makes SCI and SDI share the same chip select, as explained in Chapter 7.2, if also SM SDINEW is set. Setting SM SDINEW will activate VS1002 native serial modes as described in Chapters 7.2.1 and 7.4.2. Note, that this bit is set as a default when VS1033 is started up. By activating SM ADPCM and SM RESET at the same time, the user will activate IMA ADPCM recording mode. More information is available in the Application Notes for VS10XX. If SM ADPCM HP is set at the same time as SM ADPCM and SM RESET, ADPCM mode will start with a high-pass filter. This may help intelligibility of speech when there is lots of background noise. The difference created to the ADPCM encoder frequency response is as shown in Figure 13.
VS1023 AD Converter with and Without HP Filter 5 No High-Pass High-Pass
0
Amplitude / dB
-5
-10
-15
-20
0
500
1000
1500
2000 2500 Frequency / Hz
3000
3500
4000
Figure 13: ADPCM Frequency Responses with 8 kHz sample rate. SM LINE IN is used to select the input for ADPCM recording. If '0', microphone input pins MICP and MICN are used; if '1', LINEIN is used. SM CLK RANGE activates a clock divider in the XTAL input. When SM CLK RANGE is set, from the chip's point of view e.g. 24 MHz becomes 12 MHz. SM CLK RANGE should be set as soon as possible after a chip reset.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI STATUS (RW)
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.6.2
SCI STATUS contains information on the current status of VS1033 and lets the user shutdown the chip without audio glitches.
Name SS VER SS APDOWN2 SS APDOWN1 SS AVOL Bits 6:4 3 2 1:0 Description Version Analog driver powerdown Analog internal powerdown Analog volume control
SS VER is 0 for VS1001, 1 for VS1011, 2 for VS1002, 3 for VS1003, and 5 for VS1033. SS APDOWN2 controls analog driver powerdown. Normally this bit is controlled by the system firmware. However, if the user wants to powerdown VS1033 with a minimum power-off transient, turn this bit to 1, then wait for at least a few milliseconds before activating reset. SS APDOWN1 controls internal analog powerdown. This bit is meant to be used by the system firmware only. SS AVOL is the analog volume control: 0 = -0 dB, 1 = -6 dB, 3 = -12 dB. This register is meant to be used automatically by the system firmware only.
8.6.3
SCI BASS (RW)
Bits 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0 Description Treble Control in 1.5 dB steps (-8..7, 0 = off) Lower limit frequency in 1000 Hz steps (0..15) Bass Enhancement in 1 dB steps (0..15, 0 = off) Lower limit frequency in 10 Hz steps (2..15)
Name ST AMPLITUDE ST FREQLIMIT SB AMPLITUDE SB FREQLIMIT
The Bass Enhancer VSBE is a powerful bass boosting DSP algorithm, which tries to take the most out of the users earphones without causing clipping. VSBE is activated when SB AMPLITUDE is non-zero. SB AMPLITUDE should be set to the user's preferences, and SB FREQLIMIT to roughly 1.5 times the lowest frequency the user's audio system can reproduce. For example setting SCI BASS to 0x00f6 will have 15 dB enhancement below 60 Hz. Note: Because VSBE tries to avoid clipping, it gives the best bass boost with dynamical music material, or when the playback volume is not set to maximum. It also does not create bass: the source material must have some bass to begin with. Treble Control VSTC is activated when ST AMPLITUDE is non-zero. For example setting SCI BASS to 0x7a00 will have 10.5 dB treble enhancement at and above 10 kHz. Bass Enhancer uses about 2.1 MIPS and Treble Control 1.2 MIPS at 44100 Hz sample rate. Both can be on simultaneously.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI CLOCKF (RW)
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.6.4
The operation of SCI CLOCKF is different in VS1003 and VS1033 than in VS10x1 and VS1002. For general applications with 12.288 MHz clock use 0x9000 for 3.0 x ..4.0x, or 0xa800 for 3.5 x ..4.0x.
SCI CLOCKF bits Bits Description 15:13 Clock multiplier 12:11 Allowed multiplier addition 10: 0 Clock frequency
Name SC MULT SC ADD SC FREQ
SC MULT activates the built-in clock multiplier. This will multiply XTALI to create a higher CLKI. The values are as follows:
SC MULT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MASK 0x0000 0x2000 0x4000 0x6000 0x8000 0xa000 0xc000 0xe000 CLKI XTALI XTALIx1.5 XTALIx2.0 XTALIx2.5 XTALIx3.0 XTALIx3.5 XTALIx4.0 XTALIx4.5
SC ADD tells, how much the decoder firmware is allowed to add to the multiplier specified by SC MULT if more cycles are temporarily needed to decode a WMA stream. The values are:
SC ADD 0 1 2 3 MASK 0x0000 0x0800 0x1000 0x1800 Multiplier addition No modification is allowed 0.5x 1.0x 1.5x
SC FREQ is used to tell if the input clock XTALI is running at something else than 12.288 MHz. XTALI is set in 4 kHz steps. The formula for calculating the correct value for this register is XT ALI-8000000 4000 (XTALI is in Hz). Note: The default value 0 is assumed to mean XTALI=12.288 MHz. Note: because maximum sample rate is MHz.
XT ALI 256 ,
all sample rates are not available if XTALI < 12.288
Note: Automatic clock change can only happen when decoding WMA files. Automatic clock change is done one 0.5x at a time. This does not cause a drop to 1.0x clock and you can use the same SCI and SDI clock throughout the WMA file. Example: If SCI CLOCKF is 0x9BE8, SC MULT = 4, SC ADD = 3 and SC FREQ = 0x3E8 = 1000. This means that XTALI = 1000x4000+8000000 = 12 MHz. The clock multiplier is set to 3.0xXTALI = 36 MHz, and the maximum allowed multiplier that the firmware may automatically choose to use is (3.0 + 1.5)xXTALI = 54 MHz.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI DECODE TIME (RW)
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.6.5
When decoding correct data, current decoded time is shown in this register in full seconds. The user may change the value of this register. In that case the new value should be written twice. SCI DECODE TIME is reset at every software reset and also when WAV (PCM or IMA ADPCM), AAC, WMA, or MIDI decoding starts or ends.
8.6.6
SCI AUDATA (RW)
When decoding correct data, the current sample rate and number of channels can be found in bits 15:1 and 0 of SCI AUDATA, respectively. Bits 15:1 contain the sample rate divided by two, and bit 0 is 0 for mono data and 1 for stereo. Writing to SCI AUDATA will change the sample rate directly. Example: 44100 Hz stereo data reads as 0xAC45 (44101). Example: 11025 Hz mono data reads as 0x2B10 (11024). Example: Writing 0xAC80 sets sample rate to 44160 Hz, stereo mode does not change.
8.6.7
SCI WRAM (RW)
SCI WRAM is used to upload application programs and data to instruction and data RAMs. The start address must be initialized by writing to SCI WRAMADDR prior to the first write/read of SCI WRAM. As 16 bits of data can be transferred with one SCI WRAM write/read, and the instruction word is 32 bits long, two consecutive writes/reads are needed for each instruction word. The byte order is big-endian (i.e. most significant words first). After each full-word write/read, the internal pointer is autoincremented.
8.6.8
SCI WRAMADDR (W)
SCI WRAMADDR is used to set the program address for following SCI WRAM writes/reads. Address offset of 0 is used for X, 0x4000 for Y, and 0x8000 for instruction memory. Peripheral registers can also be accessed. SM WRAMADDR Start. . . End 0x1800. . . 0x187F 0x5800. . . 0x587F 0x8030. . . 0x84FF 0xC000. . . 0xFFFF Dest. addr. Start. . . End 0x1800. . . 0x187F 0x1800. . . 0x187F 0x0030. . . 0x04FF 0xC000. . . 0xFFFF Bits/ Word 16 16 32 16 Description X data RAM Y data RAM Instruction RAM I/O
Only user areas in X, Y, and instruction memory are listed above. Other areas can be accessed, but should not be written to unless otherwise specified.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 (R)
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
8.6.9
For WAV files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x7665 ("ve"). SCI HDAT0 contains the data rate in double word increments for all supported RIFF WAVE formats: mono and stereo 8-bit or 16-bit PCM, mono and stereo IMA ADPCM. To get the byte rate of the file, multiply the value by 4. To get the bit rate of the file, multiply the value by 32. Note: usage of SCI HDAT0 with WAV files has changed from VS1003. For AAC ADTS streams, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x4154 ("AT"). For AAC ADIF files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x4144 ("AD"). For AAC .mp4 / .m4a files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x4D34 ("M4"). SCI HDAT0 contains the average data rate in bytes per second. To get the bit rate of the file, multiply the value by 8. For WMA files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x574D ("WM") and SCI HDAT0 contains the data rate measured in bytes per second. To get the bit rate of the file, multiply the value by 8. for MIDI files, SCI HDAT1 contains 0x4D54 ("MT") and SCI HDAT0 contains the average data rate in bytes per second. To get the bit rate of the file, multiply the value by 8. Note: usage of SCI HDAT0 with MIDI has changed from VS1003. For MP3 files, SCI HDAT1 is between 0xFFE0 and 0xFFFF. SCI HDAT1 / 0 contain the following:
Bit HDAT1[15:5] HDAT1[4:3] Function syncword ID Value 2047 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 Explanation stream valid ISO 11172-3 MPG 1.0 ISO 13818-3 MPG 2.0 (1/2-rate) MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate) MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate) I II III reserved No CRC CRC protected see bitrate table reserved 32/16/ 8 kHz 48/24/12 kHz 44/22/11 kHz additional slot normal frame not defined mono dual channel joint stereo stereo see ISO 11172-3 copyrighted free original copy CCITT J.17 reserved 50/15 microsec none
HDAT1[2:1]
layer
HDAT1[0] HDAT0[15:12] HDAT0[11:10]
protect bit bitrate sample rate
HDAT0[9] HDAT0[8] HDAT0[7:6]
pad bit private bit mode
HDAT0[5:4] HDAT0[3] HDAT0[2] HDAT0[1:0]
extension copyright original emphasis
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
When read, SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 contain header information that is extracted from MP3 stream currently being decoded. After reset both registers are cleared, indicating no data has been found yet. The "sample rate" field in SCI HDAT0 is interpreted according to the following table:
"sample rate" 3 2 1 0 ID=3 32000 48000 44100 ID=2 16000 24000 22050 ID=0,1 8000 12000 11025
The "bitrate" field in HDAT0 is read according to the following table. Notice that for variable bitrate stream the value changes constantly. Layer I ID=3 ID=0,1,2 kbit/s forbidden forbidden 448 256 416 224 384 192 352 176 320 160 288 144 256 128 224 112 192 96 160 80 128 64 96 56 64 48 32 32 Layer II ID=3 ID=0,1,2 kbit/s forbidden forbidden 384 160 320 144 256 128 224 112 192 96 160 80 128 64 112 56 96 48 80 40 64 32 56 24 48 16 32 8 Layer III ID=3 ID=0,1,2 kbit/s forbidden forbidden 320 160 256 144 224 128 192 112 160 96 128 80 112 64 96 56 80 48 64 40 56 32 48 24 40 16 32 8 -
"bitrate" 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
8.6.10
SCI AIADDR (RW)
SCI AIADDR indicates the start address of the application code written earlier with SCI WRAMADDR and SCI WRAM registers. If no application code is used, this register should not be initialized, or it should be initialized to zero. For more details, see Application Notes for VS10XX.
8.6.11
SCI VOL (RW)
SCI VOL is a volume control for the player hardware. For each channel, a value in the range of 0..254 may be defined to set its attenuation from the maximum volume level (in 0.5 dB steps). The left channel
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
8. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
value is then multiplied by 256 and the values are added. Thus, maximum volume is 0 and total silence is 0xFEFE. Example: for a volume of -2.0 dB for the left channel and -3.5 dB for the right channel: (4*256) + 7 = 0x407. Note, that at startup volume is set to full volume. Resetting the software does not reset the volume setting. Note: Setting SCI VOL to 0xFFFF will activate analog powerdown mode.
8.6.12
SCI AICTRL[x] (RW)
SCI AICTRL[x] registers ( x=[0 .. 3] ) can be used to access the user's application program.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9
9.1
Operation
Clocking
VS1033 operates on a single, nominally 12.288 MHz fundamental frequency master clock. This clock can be generated by external circuitry (connected to pin XTALI) or by the internal clock chrystal interface (pins XTALI and XTALO). VS1033 can also use 24..26 MHz clocks when SM CLK RANGE is set to 1. From the chip's point of view the input clock is then 12..23 MHz.
9.2 Hardware Reset
When the XRESET -signal is driven low, VS1033 is reset and all the control registers and internal states are set to the initial values. XRESET-signal is asynchronous to any external clock. The reset mode doubles as a full-powerdown mode, where both digital and analog parts of VS1033 are in minimum power consumption stage, and where clocks are stopped. Also XTALO is grounded. After a hardware reset (or at power-up) DREQ will stay down for at least 16600 clock cycles, which means an approximate 1.35 ms delay if VS1033 is run at 12.288 MHz. After this the user should set such basic software registers as SCI MODE, SCI BASS, SCI CLOCKF, and SCI VOL before starting decoding. See section 8.6 for details. If the input clock is 24..26 MHz, SM CLK RANGE should be set as soon as possible after a chip reset. Internal clock can be multiplied with a PLL. Supported multipliers through the SCI CLOCKF register are 1.0 x . . . 4.5x the input clock. Reset value for Internal Clock Multiplier is 1.0x. If typical values are wanted, the Internal Clock Multiplier needs to be set to 3.0x after reset. Wait until DREQ rises, then write value 0x9800 to SCI CLOCKF (register 3). See section 8.6.4 for details.
9.3
Software Reset
In some cases the decoder software has to be reset. This is done by activating bit 2 in SCI MODE register (Chapter 8.6.1). Then wait for at least 2 s, then look at DREQ. DREQ will stay down for at least 16600 clock cycles, which means an approximate 1.35 ms delay if VS1033 is run at 12.288 MHz. After DREQ is up, you may continue playback as usual. If you want to make sure VS1033 doesn't cut the ending of low-bitrate data streams and you want to do a software reset, it is recommended to feed 2048 zeros (honoring DREQ) to the SDI bus after the file and before the reset. This is especially important for MIDI files. If you want to interrupt the playing of a WAV, AAC, WMA, or MIDI file in the middle, set SM OUTOFWAV in the mode register, and wait until SCI HDAT1 is cleared (with a two-second timeout) before continuing with a software reset. MP3 can be interrupted without SM OUTOFWAV by just sending zero bytes, because it is a stream format.
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.4
ADPCM Recording
This chapter explains how to create RIFF/WAV file with IMA ADPCM format. This is a widely supported ADPCM format and many PC audio playback programs can play it. IMA ADPCM recording gives roughly a compression ratio of 4:1 compared to linear, 16-bit audio. This makes it possible to record 8 kHz audio at 32.44 kbit/s.
9.4.1
Activating ADPCM mode
IMA ADPCM recording mode is activated by setting bits SM RESET and SM ADPCM in SCI MODE. Optionally a high-pass-filter can be enabled for 8 kHz sample rate by also setting SM ADPCM HP at the same time. Line input is used instead of mic if SM LINE IN is set. Before activating ADPCM recording, user must write a clock divider value to SCI AICTRL0 and gain to SCI AICTRL1. The differences of using SM ADPCM HP are presented in figure 13 (page 33). As a general rule, audio will be fuller and closer to original if SM ADPCM HP is not used. However, speech may be more intelligible with the high-pass filter active. Use the filter only with 8 kHz sample rate. Before activating ADPCM recording, user should write a clock divider value to SCI AICTRL0. The Fc sampling frequency is calculated from the following formula: fs = 256xd , where Fc is the internal clock (CLKI) and d is the divider value in SCI AICTRL0. The lowest valid value for d is 4. If SCI AICTRL0 contains 0, the default divider value 12 is used. Examples: Fc = 2.0 x 12.288 MHz, d = 12. Now fs = 2.0x12288000 = 8000 Hz. 256x12 Fc = 2.5 x 14.745 MHz, d = 18. Now fs = 2.5x14745000 = 8000 Hz. 256x18 Fc = 2.5 x 13 MHz, d = 16. Now fs = 2.5x13000000 = 7935 Hz. 256x16 Also, before activating ADPCM mode, the user has to set linear recording gain control to register SCI AICTRL1. 1024 is equal to digital gain 1, 512 is equal to digital gain 0.5 and so on. If the user wants to use automatic gain control (AGC), SCI AICTRL1 should be set to 0. Typical speech applications usually are better off using AGC, as this takes care of relatively uniform speech loudness in recordings. 9.4.2 Reading IMA ADPCM Data
After IMA ADPCM recording has been activated, registers SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 have new functions. The IMA ADPCM sample buffer is 1024 16-bit words. The fill status of the buffer can be read from SCI HDAT1. If SCI HDAT1 is greater than 0, you can read as many 16-bit words from SCI HDAT0. If the data is not read fast enough, the buffer overflows and returns to empty state. Note: if SCI HDAT1 896, it may be better to wait for the buffer to overflow and clear before reading samples. That way you may avoid buffer aliasing. Each IMA ADPCM block is 128 words, i.e. 256 bytes. If you wish to interrupt reading data and possibly continue later, please stop at a 128-word boundary. This way whole blocks are skipped and the encoded
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9. OPERATION
stream stays valid.
9.4.3
Adding a RIFF Header
To make your IMA ADPCM file a RIFF / WAV file, you have to add a header before the actual data. Note that 2- and 4-byte values are little-endian (lowest byte first) in this format:
File Offset 0 4 8 12 16 20 22 24 28 32 34 36 38 40 44 48 52 56 60 62 64 316 Field Name ChunkID ChunkSize Format SubChunk1ID SubChunk1Size AudioFormat NumOfChannels SampleRate ByteRate BlockAlign BitsPerSample ByteExtraData ExtraData SubChunk2ID SubChunk2Size NumOfSamples SubChunk3ID SubChunk3Size Block1Sample Block1Step Block1Data ... Size 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 252 Bytes "RIFF" F0 F1 F2 F3 "WAVE" "fmt " 0x14 0x0 0x0 0x0 0x11 0x0 0x1 0x0 R0 R1 R2 R3 B0 B1 B2 B3 0x0 0x1 0x4 0x0 0x2 0x0 0xf9 0x1 "fact" 0x4 0x0 0x0 0x0 S0 S1 S2 S3 "data" D0 D1 D2 D3 Description File size - 8
20 0x11 for IMA ADPCM Mono sound 0x1f40 for 8 kHz 0xfd7 for 8 kHz 0x100 4-bit ADPCM 2 Samples per block (505) 4
File Size - 60 16-bit linear first sample ADPCM state 504 4-bit ADPCM samples More ADPCM data blocks
If we have n audio blocks, the values in the table are as follows: F = n x 256 + 52 R = Fs (see Chapter 9.4.1 to see how to calculate Fs ) x256 B = Fs505 S = n x 505. D = n x 256 If you know beforehand how much you are going to record, you may fill in the complete header before any actual data. However, if you don't know how much you are going to record, you have to fill in the header size datas F , S and D after finishing recording. 16-bit ADPCM values that are read from SCI HDAT0 are to be interpreted as big-endian values. In other words, the high 8 bits of SCI HDAT0 should be written as the first byte to a file, then the low 8 bits. Note that this is contrary to the default operation of some 16-bit microcontrollers, and you may have to take extra care to do this right. A way to see if you have written the file in the right way is to check bytes 2 and 3 (the first byte counts as byte 0) of each 256-byte block. Byte 3 should always be zero.
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Playing ADPCM Data
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.4.4
In order to play back your IMA ADPCM recordings, you have to have a file with a header as described in Chapter 9.4.3. If this is the case, all you need to do is to provide the ADPCM file through SDI as you would with any audio file.
9.4.5
Sample Rate Considerations
VS10xx chips that support IMA ADPCM playback are capable of playing back ADPCM files with any sample rate. However, some other programs may expect IMA ADPCM files to have some exact sample rates, like 8000 or 11025 Hz. Also, some programs or systems do not support sample rates below 8000 Hz. However, if you don't have an appropriate clock, you may not be able to get an exact 8 kHz sample rate. If you have a 12 MHz clock, the closest sample rate you can get with 2.0 x 12 MHz and d = 12 is fs = 7812.5Hz. Because the frequency error is only 2.4%, it may be best to set fs = 8000Hz to the header if the same file is also to be played back with an PC. This causes the sample to be played back a little faster (one minute is played in 59 seconds). Note, however, that unless absolutely necessary, sample rates should not be tweaked in the way described here. If you want better quality with the expense of increased data rate, you can use higher sample rates, for example 16 kHz.
9.4.6
Example Code
The following code initializes IMA ADPCM encoding on VS1003b/VS1023 and shows how to read the data.
const unsigned char 0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x57, 0x41, 0x56, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x5c, 0x1f, 0x00, 0xe8, 0x0f, 0x00, }; header[] = { 0x46, 0x1c, 0x10, 0x45, 0x66, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x75, 0x12, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x74, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x61, 0x00
0x00, 0x74, 0x01, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x74,
0x00, 0x20, /*|RIFF....WAVEfmt |*/ 0x00, 0x00, /*|........@......|*/ 0x01, 0x00, /*|.......fact....|*/ 0x61,
unsigned char db[512]; /* data buffer for saving to disk */
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/* VS1003b/VS1023 */
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
void RecordAdpcm1003(void) { u_int16 w = 0, idx = 0; ...
/* Check and locate free space on disk */ /* Recording monitor volume */ 0); /* Bass/treble disabled */
SetMp3Vol(0x1414); WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_BASS,
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_CLOCKF, 0x4430); /* 2.0x 12.288MHz */ Wait(100); WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_AICTRL0, 12); /* Div -> 12=8kHz 8=12kHz 6=16kHz */ Wait(100); WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_AICTRL1, 0); /* Auto gain */ Wait(100); if (line_in) { WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_MODE, 0x5804); /* Normal SW reset + other bits */ } else { WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_MODE, 0x1804); /* Normal SW reset + other bits */ } for (idx=0; idx < sizeof(header); idx++) { /* Save header first */ db[idx] = header[idx]; } /* Fix rate if needed */ /*db[24] = rate;*/ /*db[25] = rate>>8;*/ /* Record loop */ while (recording_on) { do { w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT1); } while (w < 256 || w > 896); while (idx < 512) { w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT0); /* Resynchronize if IMA sync is lost */ while ((idx & 255) == sizeof(header)+2 && (w & 0xFF)) { do { w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT1); } while (w < 256); w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT0); } db[idx++] = w>>8; db[idx++] = w&0xFF; } idx = 0; write_block(datasector++, db); /* Write output block to disk */ } ... /* Fix WAV header information */ ... /* Then update FAT information */ ResetMP3(); /* Normal reset, restore default settings */ SetMp3Vol(vol); }
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VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.5
SPI Boot
If GPIO0 is set with a pull-up resistor to 1 at boot time, VS1033 tries to boot from external SPI memory. SPI boot redefines the following pins:
Normal Mode GPIO0 GPIO1 DREQ GPIO2
SPI Boot Mode xCS CLK MOSI MISO
The memory has to be an SPI Bus Serial EEPROM with 16-bit addresses (i.e. at least 1 KiB). The serial speed used by VS1033 is 245 kHz with the nominal 12.288 MHz clock. The first three bytes in the memory have to be 0x50, 0x26, 0x48. The exact record format is explained in the Application Notes for VS10XX.
9.6
Play/Decode
This is the normal operation mode of VS1033. SDI data is decoded. Decoded samples are converted to analog domain by the internal DAC. If no decodable data is found, SCI HDAT0 and SCI HDAT1 are set to 0 and analog outputs are muted. When there is no input for decoding, VS1033 goes into idle mode (lower power consumption than during decoding) and actively monitors the serial data input for valid data. All different formats can be played back-to-back without software reset in-between. Send at least 2052 zeros after each stream. However, using software reset between streams may still be a good idea, as it guards against broken files. In this case you shouldt wait for the completion of the decoding (SCI HDAT1 and SCI HDAT0 become zero) before issuing software reset.
9.7
Feeding PCM data
VS1033 can be used as a PCM decoder by sending a WAV file header. If the length sent in the WAV header is 0 or 0xFFFFFFF, VS1033 will stay in PCM mode indefinitely (or until SM OUTOFWAV has been set). 8-bit linear and 16-bit linear audio is supported in mono or stereo.
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9. OPERATION
9.8
Extra Parameters
The following structure is in X memory at address 0x1940 and can be used to change some extra parameters or get various information. The chip ID is also easily available.
#define PARAMETRIC_VERSION 0x0001 struct parametric { u_int32 chipID; /*1940/41 Initialized at reset for your convenience */ u_int16 version; /*1942 - structure version */ u_int16 midiConfig; /*1943 */ u_int16 config1; /*1944 */ u_int16 config2; /*1945 configs are not cleared between files */ u_int32 jumpPoints[16]; /*1946..65 file byte offsets */ u_int16 latestJump; /*1966 index to lastly updated jumpPoint */ s_int16 seek1; /*1967 file data inserted/removed bytes -32768..32767*/ s_int16 seek2; /*1968 file data inserted/removed kB -32768..32767*/ s_int16 resync; /*1969 > 0 for automatic m4a, ADIF, WMA resyncs */ union { struct { u_int32 curPacketSize; u_int32 packetSize; } wma; struct { u_int16 sceFoundMask; /* SCE's found since last clear */ u_int16 cpeFoundMask; /* CPE's found since last clear */ u_int16 lfeFoundMask; /* LFE's found since last clear */ u_int16 playSelect; /* 0 = first any, initialized at aac init */ s_int16 dynCompress; /* -8192=1.0, initialized at aac init */ s_int16 dynBoost; /* 8192=1.0, initialized at aac init */ } aac; struct { u_int32 bytesLeft; } midi; } i; };
Notice that reading two-word variables through the SCI WRAMADDR and SCI WRAM interface is not protected in any way. The variable can be updated between the read of the low and high parts. The problem arises when both the low and high parts change values. To determine if the value is correct, you should read the value twice and compare the results. The following example shows what happens when bytesLeft is decreased from 0x10000 to 0xffff and the update happens between low and high part reads or after high part read. Read Invalid Value 0x0000 change after this 0x0000 0xffff 0x0000 Read Valid Value 0x0000 0x0001 change after this 0xffff 0x0000 No Update Address Value 0x196a 0x0000 0x196b 0x0001 0x196a 0x0000 0x196b 0x0001
Address 0x196a 0x196b 0x196a 0x196b
Address 0x196a 0x196b 0x196a 0x196b
You can see that in the invalid read the low part wraps from 0x0000 to 0xffff while the high part stays the same. In this case the second read gives a valid answer, otherwise always use the value of the first read. The second read is needed when it is possible that the low part wraps around, changing the high part, i.e. when the low part is small. bytesLeft is only decreased by one at a time, so a reread is needed only if the low part is 0.
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Common Parameters Address 0x1940/41 0x1942 0x1946-65 0x1966 0x1967 0x1968 0x1969 Usage Fuse-programmed unique ID (copy) Structure version - 0x0001 Packet offsets for WMA and AAC Index to latest jumpPoint Seek amount in bytes Seek amount in kilobytes Automatic resync selector
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.8.1
Parameter chipID version jumpPoints[16] latestJump seek1 seek2 resync
The fuse-programmed ID is read at startup and copied into the chipID field. The version field can be used to determine the layout of the rest of the structure. The version number is changed when the structure is changed. jumpPoints contain 32-bit file offsets. Each valid (non-zero) entry indicates a start of a packet for WMA or start of a raw data block for AAC (ADIF, .mp4 / .m4a). latestJump contains the index of the entry that was updated last. If you only read entry pointed to by latestJump you do not need to read the entry twice to ensure validity. Jump point information can be used to implement perfect fast forward and rewind for WMA and AAC (ADIF, .mp4 / .m4a). seek1 and seek2 fields are used when music data is skipped or inserted. Negative values mean that data has been added (for example in rewind operation), positive values mean that data has been skipped. You can use either seek1, which gives the seek amount in bytes, or seek2 which gives the seek amount in kilobytes, or you can use both. The field value is zeroed when the firmware has detected the seek. resync field is used to force a resynchronization to the stream for WMA and AAC (ADIF, .mp4 / .m4a). This field can be used to implement almost perfect fast forward and rewind for WMA and AAC (ADIF, .mp4 / .m4a). The user should set this field before performing data seeks if they are not in packet or data block boundaries. The field value tells how many tries are allowed before giving up. The value 32767 gives infinite tries, in which case the user must use SM OUTOFWAV or software reset to end decoding. In every case remember to use seek1 and/or seek2 fields to indicate the skipped/inserted data. Note: WMA, ADIF, and .mp4 / .m4a files begin with a metadata section, which must be fully processed before any fast forward or rewind operation. When the first jumpPoint appears it is safe to perform seeks. You can also detect the start of decoding from SCI DECODE TIME.
9.8.2
WMA Address 0x196a/6b 0x196c/6d Usage The size of the packet being processed The packet size in ASF header
Parameter curPacketSize packetSize
The ASF header packet size is available in packetSize. With this information and a packet start offset from jumpPoints you can parse the packet headers and skip packets in ASF files.
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AAC Address 0x196a 0x196b 0x196c 0x196d 0x196e 0x196f Usage Single channel elements found Channel pair elements found Low frequency elements found Play element selection Compress coefficient for DRC, -8192=1.0 Boost coefficient for DRC, 8192=1.0
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.8.3
Parameter sceFoundMask cpeFoundMask lfeFoundMask playSelect dynCompress dynBoost
playSelect determines which element to decode if a stream has multiple elements. The value is set to 0 each time AAC decoding starts, which causes the first element that appears in the stream to be selected for decoding. Other values are: 0x01 - select first single channel element (SCE), 0x02 - select first channel pair element (CPE), 0x03 - select first low frequency element (LFE), S 16 + 5 - select SCE number S, P 16 + 6 - select CPE number P, L 16 + 7 - select LFE number L. When automatic selection has been performed, playSelect reflects the selected element. sceFoundMask, cpeFoundMask, and lfeFoundMask indicate which elements have been found in an AAC stream since the variables have last been cleared. The values can be used to present an element selection menu with only the available elements. dynCompress and dynBoost change the behavior of the dynamic range control (DRC) that is present in some AAC streams. These are also initialized when AAC decoding starts. SCI HDAT0 contains the average bitrate in bytes per second, is updated once per second and it can be used to calculate an estimate of the remaining playtime.
9.8.4
Midi Address 0x1943 bits [3:0] bits [6:4] bits [15:7] 0x196a/6b Usage Miscellaneous configuration Reverb: 0 = auto (ON if clock >= 3.0x) 1 = off, 2 - 15 = room size Play speed: 0 = 1x, 1 = 2x, 2 = 4x, 3 = 8x .. 7 = 128x reserved The number of bytes left in this track
Parameter midiConfig
bytesLeft
midiConfig controls the reverb effect and play speed. SCI HDAT0 contains the average bitrate in bytes per second, is updated once per second and it can be used together with bytesLeft to calculate an estimate of the remaining playtime.
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VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.9
9.9.1
Fast Forward / Rewind
MP3
MPEG1.0 and MPEG2.0 layer 3 defines a stream format suitable for random-access. When you want to skip forward or backwards in the file, first send 2048 zeros, then continue sending the file from the new location. By sending zeros you make certain a partial frame does not cause loud artefacts in the sound. The normal file type checking then finds a new MP3 header and continues decoding.
9.9.2
AAC - ADTS
MPEG2.0 Advanced Audio Coded (AAC) defines a stream format suitable for random-access (ADTS). When you want to skip forward or backwards in the file, first send 2048 zeros, then continue sending the file from the new location. By sending zeros you make certain a partial frame does not cause loud artefacts in the sound. The normal file type checking then finds a new ADTS header and continues decoding.
9.9.3
AAC - ADIF, MP4
MPEG4.0 Advanced Audio Codec (AAC) specifies a multimedia file format (.mp4 / .m4a) but does not specify a stream format and MPEG2.0 AAC specifies a file format (ADIF) in addition to the streamable ADTS format. ADIF and .mp4 / .m4a are not suitable for random-access and it is recommended that they are converted to ADTS format for playback. However, it is also possible to implement fast forward and rewind for ADIF and .mp4 / .m4a files. The easiest way is to use the resync field (see section 9.8.1): * Write 8192 to resync - Write 0x1969 to SCI WRAMADDR, Write 0x2000 to SCI WRAM * Send 2048 zeroes * Make a seek X in the file (X > 0 for forward seek) * Indicate the low part of the seek amount by writing to seek1 - Write 0x1967 to SCI WRAMADDR, Write (X - 2048)&1023 to SCI WRAM * Indicate the high part of the seek amount by writing to seek2 - Write 0x1968 to SCI WRAMADDR, Write (X - 2048)/1024 to SCI WRAM * Continue sending the file from the new location Perfect fast forward and rewind can be implemented by using the jumpPoints table and making seeks only on packet or data block boundaries.
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WMA
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.9.4
Windows Media Audio (WMA) is enclosed as data packets into Advanced Systems Format (ASF) files. This file format is not suitable for random-access. However, it is also possible to implement fast forward and rewind for WMA files. The easiest way is to use the resync field (see Section 9.9.3), perfect fast forward and rewind can be implemented by using the jumpPoints table and making seeks only on packet or data block boundaries.
9.9.5
Midi
Midi is not at all suitable for random-access. You can implement fast forward using the playSpeed bits of the midiConfig field to select 1-128x play speed. SCI DECODE TIME also speeds up. If necessary, rewind can be implemented by restarting the decoding of a MIDI file and fast forwarding to the appropriate place. SCI DECODE TIME can be used to decide when the right place has been reached. This is best suited for soundless rewind.
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SDI Tests
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.10
There are several test modes in VS1033, which allow the user to perform memory tests, SCI bus tests, and several different sine wave tests. All tests are started in a similar way: VS1033 is hardware reset, SM TESTS is set, and then a test command is sent to the SDI bus. Each test is started by sending a 4-byte special command sequence, followed by 4 zeros. The sequences are described below.
9.10.1
Sine Test
Sine test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0xEF 0x6E n 0 0 0 0, where n defines the sine test to use. n is defined as follows: n bits Description Sample rate index Sine skip speed Fs 44100 Hz 48000 Hz 32000 Hz 22050 Hz 24000 Hz 16000 Hz 11025 Hz 12000 Hz
S 128 .
Name F s Idx S
Bits 7:5 4:0
F s Idx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
The frequency of the sine to be output can now be calculated from F = F s x
Example: Sine test is activated with value 126, which is 0b01111110. Breaking n to its components, F s Idx = 0b011 = 3 and thus F s = 22050Hz. S = 0b11110 = 30, and thus the final sine frequency 30 F = 22050Hz x 128 5168Hz. To exit the sine test, send the sequence 0x45 0x78 0x69 0x74 0 0 0 0. Note: Sine test signals go through the digital volume control, so it is possible to test channels separately.
9.10.2
Pin Test
Pin test is activated with the 8-byte sequence 0x50 0xED 0x6E 0x54 0 0 0 0. This test is meant for chip production testing only.
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Memory Test
VS1033A
9. OPERATION
9.10.3
Memory test mode is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x4D 0xEA 0x6D 0x54 0 0 0 0. After this sequence, wait for 500000 clock cycles. The result can be read from the SCI register SCI HDAT0, and 'one' bits are interpreted as follows: Bit(s) 15 14:7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mask 0x8000 0x0040 0x0020 0x0010 0x0008 0x0004 0x0002 0x0001 0x807f Meaning Test finished Unused Mux test succeeded Good I RAM Good Y RAM Good X RAM Good I ROM Good Y ROM Good X ROM All ok
Memory tests overwrite the current contents of the RAM memories.
9.10.4
SCI Test
Sci test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0x70 0xEE n 0 0 0 0, where n - 48 is the register number to test. The content of the given register is read and copied to SCI HDAT0. If the register to be tested is HDAT0, the result is copied to SCI HDAT1. Example: if n is 48, contents of SCI register 0 (SCI MODE) is copied to SCI HDAT0.
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VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10
10.1
VS1033 Registers
Who Needs to Read This Chapter
User software is required when a user wishes to add some own functionality like DSP effects to VS1033. However, most users of VS1033 don't need to worry about writing their own code, or about this chapter, including those who only download software plug-ins from VLSI Solution's Web site.
10.2
The Processor Core
VS DSP is a 16/32-bit DSP processor core that also had extensive all-purpose processor features. VLSI Solution's free VSKIT Software Package contains all the tools and documentation needed to write, simulate and debug Assembly Language or Extended ANSI C programs for the VS DSP processor core. VLSI Solution also offers a full Integrated Development Environment VSIDE for full debug capabilities.
10.3 VS1033 Memory Map
VS1033's Memory Map is shown in Figure 14.
10.4 SCI Registers
SCI registers described in Chapter 8.6 can be found here between 0xC000..0xC00F. In addition to these registers, there is one in address 0xC010, called SCI CHANGE. SCI registers, prefix SCI Abbrev[bits] Description CHANGE[5:0] Last SCI access address SCI CHANGE bits Bits Description 4 1 if last access was a write cycle 3:0 SCI address of last access
Reg 0xC010
Type r
Reset 0
Name SCI CH WRITE SCI CH ADDR
10.5
Serial Data Registers
SDI registers, prefix SER Abbrev[bits] Description DATA Last received 2 bytes, big-endian DREQ[0] DREQ pin control
Reg 0xC011 0xC012
Type r w
Reset 0 0
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VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
Instruction (32-bit)
X (16-bit)
Y (16-bit)
0000 0030
0500
System Vectors User Instruction RAM X DATA RAM Y DATA RAM
0000 0030
0500
1800 1880 1940
User Stack
User Stack
1800 1880 1940
2000
2000
2800 4000 Instruction ROM 8000 X DATA ROM Y DATA ROM
2800 4000
8000
C000 C100
I/O
C000 C100
FFFF
FFFF
Figure 14: User's Memory Map.
10.6 DAC Registers
DAC registers, prefix DAC Abbrev[bits] Description FCTLL DAC frequency control, 16 LSbs FCTLH DAC frequency control 4MSbs, PLL control LEFT DAC left channel PCM value RIGHT DAC right channel PCM value
Reg 0xC013 0xC014 0xC015 0xC016
Type rw rw rw rw
Reset 0 0 0 0
Every fourth clock cycle, an internal 26-bit counter is added to by (DAC FCTLH & 15) x 65536 + DAC FCTLL. Whenever this counter overflows, values from DAC LEFT and DAC RIGHT are read and a DAC interrupt is generated.
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GPIO Registers
GPIO registers, prefix GPIO Abbrev[bits] Description DDR[7:0] Direction IDATA[7:0] Values read from the pins ODATA[7:0] Values set to the pins
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.7
Reg 0xC017 0xC018 0xC019
Type rw r rw
Reset 0 0 0
GPIO DIR is used to set the direction of the GPIO pins. 1 means output. GPIO ODATA remembers its values even if a GPIO DIR bit is set to input. GPIO registers don't generate interrupts. Note that in VS1033 the VSDSP registers can be read and written through the SCI WRAMADDR and SCI WRAM registers. You can thus use the GPIO pins quite conveniently.
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Interrupt Registers
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.8
Reg 0xC01A 0xC01B 0xC01C 0xC01D
Type rw w w rw
Reset 0 0 0 0
Interrupt registers, prefix INT Abbrev[bits] Description ENABLE[7:0] Interrupt enable GLOB DIS[-] Write to add to interrupt counter GLOB ENA[-] Write to subtract from interrupt counter COUNTER[4:0] Interrupt counter
INT ENABLE controls the interrupts. The control bits are as follows: INT ENABLE bits Description Enable Timer 1 interrupt Enable Timer 0 interrupt Enable UART RX interrupt Enable UART TX interrupt Enable AD modulator interrupt Enable Data interrupt Enable SCI interrupt Enable DAC interrupt
Name INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN INT EN
TIM1 TIM0 RX TX MODU SDI SCI DAC
Bits 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Note: It may take upto 6 clock cycles before changing INT ENABLE has any effect. Writing any value to INT GLOB DIS adds one to the interrupt counter INT COUNTER and effectively disables all interrupts. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing to this register has any effect. Writing any value to INT GLOB ENA subtracts one from the interrupt counter (unless INT COUNTER already was 0). If the interrupt counter becomes zero, interrupts selected with INT ENABLE are restored. An interrupt routine should always write to this register as the last thing it does, because interrupts automatically add one to the interrupt counter, but subtracting it back to its initial value is the responsibility of the user. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing this register has any effect. By reading INT COUNTER the user may check if the interrupt counter is correct or not. If the register is not 0, interrupts are disabled.
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Solution
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
A/D Modulator Registers
Interrupt registers, prefix AD Abbrev[bits] Description DIV A/D Modulator divider DATA A/D Modulator data AD DIV bits Description 1 in powerdown Divider
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.9
Reg 0xC01E 0xC01F
Type rw rw
Reset 0 0
Name ADM POWERDOWN ADM DIVIDER
Bits 15 14:0
ADM DIVIDER controls the AD converter's sampling frequency. To gather one sample, 128 x n clock cycles are used (n is value of AD DIV). The lowest usable value is 4, which gives a 48 kHz sample rate when CLKI is 24.576 MHz. When ADM POWERDOWN is 1, the A/D converter is turned off. AD DATA contains the latest decoded A/D value.
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VLSI
Solution
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Watchdog v1.0 2002-08-26
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.10
The watchdog consist of a watchdog counter and some logic. After reset, the watchdog is inactive. The counter reload value can be set by writing to WDOG CONFIG. The watchdog is activated by writing 0x4ea9 to register WDOG RESET. Every time this is done, the watchdog counter is reset. Every 65536'th clock cycle the counter is decremented by one. If the counter underflows, it will activate vsdsp's internal reset sequence. Thus, after the first 0x4ea9 write to WDOG RESET, subsequent writes to the same register with the same value must be made no less than every 65536xWDOG CONFIG clock cycles. Once started, the watchdog cannot be turned off. Also, a write to WDOG CONFIG doesn't change the counter reload value. After watchdog has been activated, any read/write operation from/to WDOG CONFIG or WDOG DUMMY will invalidate the next write operation to WDOG RESET. This will prevent runaway loops from resetting the counter, even if they do happen to write the correct number. Writing a wrong value to WDOG RESET will also invalidate the next write to WDOG RESET. Reads from watchdog registers return undefined values.
10.10.1
Registers Watchdog, prefix WDOG Type Reset Abbrev Description w 0 CONFIG Configuration w 0 RESET Clock configuration w 0 DUMMY[-] Dummy register
Reg 0xC020 0xC021 0xC022
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VLSI
Solution
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VS1033a PRELIMINARY
UART v1.1 2004-10-09
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.11
RS232 UART implements a serial interface using rs232 standard.
Start bit D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Stop D7 bit
Figure 15: RS232 Serial Interface Protocol When the line is idling, it stays in logic high state. When a byte is transmitted, the transmission begins with a start bit (logic zero) and continues with data bits (LSB first) and ends up with a stop bit (logic high). 10 bits are sent for each 8-bit byte frame.
10.11.1
Registers UART registers, prefix UARTx Type Reset Abbrev Description r 0 STATUS[4:0] Status r/w 0 DATA[7:0] Data r/w 0 DATAH[15:8] Data High r/w 0 DIV Divider
Reg 0xC028 0xC029 0xC02A 0xC02B
10.11.2 Status UARTx STATUS A read from the status register returns the transmitter and receiver states. UARTx STATUS Bits Bits Description 4 Framing error (stop bit was 0) 3 Receiver overrun 2 Receiver data register full 1 Transmitter data register full 0 Transmitter running
Name UART UART UART UART UART
ST ST ST ST ST
FRAMEERR RXORUN RXFULL TXFULL TXRUNNING
UART ST FRAMEERR is set if the stop bit of the received byte was 0. UART ST RXORUN is set if a received byte overwrites unread data when it is transferred from the receiver shift register to the data register, otherwise it is cleared. UART ST RXFULL is set if there is unread data in the data register. UART ST TXFULL is set if a write to the data register is not allowed (data register full). UART ST TXRUNNING is set if the transmitter shift register is in operation.
Version 0.6,
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.11.3 Data UARTx DATA A read from UARTx DATA returns the received byte in bits 7:0, bits 15:8 are returned as '0'. If there is no more data to be read, the receiver data register full indicator will be cleared. A receive interrupt will be generated when a byte is moved from the receiver shift register to the receiver data register. A write to UARTx DATA sets a byte for transmission. The data is taken from bits 7:0, other bits in the written value are ignored. If the transmitter is idle, the byte is immediately moved to the transmitter shift register, a transmit interrupt request is generated, and transmission is started. If the transmitter is busy, the UART ST TXFULL will be set and the byte remains in the transmitter data register until the previous byte has been sent and transmission can proceed.
10.11.4
Data High UARTx DATAH
The same as UARTx DATA, except that bits 15:8 are used.
10.11.5 Divider UARTx DIV UARTx DIV Bits Bits Description 15:8 Divider 1 (0..255) 7:0 Divider 2 (6..255)
Name UART DIV D1 UART DIV D2
The divider is set to 0x0000 in reset. The ROM boot code must initialize it correctly depending on the master clock frequency to get the correct bit speed. The second divider (D2 ) must be from 6 to 255. The communication speed f = TX/RX speed in bps.
fm (D1 +1)x(D2 )
, where fm is the master clock frequency, and f is the
Divider values for common communication speeds at 26 MHz master clock: Example UART Speeds, fm = 26M Hz Comm. Speed [bps] UART DIV D1 UART DIV D2 4800 85 63 9600 42 63 14400 42 42 19200 51 26 28800 42 21 38400 25 26 57600 1 226 115200 0 226
Version 0.6,
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.11.6 Interrupts and Operation Transmitter operates as follows: After an 8-bit word is written to the transmit data register it will be transmitted instantly if the transmitter is not busy transmitting the previous byte. When the transmission begins a TX INTR interrupt will be sent. Status bit [1] informs the transmitter data register empty (or full state) and bit [0] informs the transmitter (shift register) empty state. A new word must not be written to transmitter data register if it is not empty (bit [1] = '0'). The transmitter data register will be empty as soon as it is shifted to transmitter and the transmission is begun. It is safe to write a new word to transmitter data register every time a transmit interrupt is generated. Receiver operates as follows: It samples the RX signal line and if it detects a high to low transition, a start bit is found. After this it samples each 8 bit at the middle of the bit time (using a constant timer), and fills the receiver (shift register) LSB first. Finally the data in the receiver is moved to the reveive data register, the stop bit state is checked (logic high = ok, logic low = framing error) for status bit[4], the RX INTR interrupt is sent, status bit[2] (receive data register full) is set, and status bit[2] old state is copied to bit[3] (receive data overrun). After that the receiver returns to idle state to wait for a new start bit. Status bit[2] is zeroed when the receiver data register is read. RS232 communication speed is set using two clock dividers. The base clock is the processor master clock. Bits 15-8 in these registers are for first divider and bits 7-0 for second divider. RX sample frequency is the clock frequency that is input for the second divider.
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
Timers v1.0 2002-04-23
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.12
There are two 32-bit timers that can be initialized and enabled independently of each other. If enabled, a timer initializes to its start value, written by a processor, and starts decrementing every clock cycle. When the value goes past zero, an interrupt is sent, and the timer initializes to the value in its start value register, and continues downcounting. A timer stays in that loop as long as it is enabled. A timer has a 32-bit timer register for down counting and a 32-bit TIMER1 LH register for holding the timer start value written by the processor. Timers have also a 2-bit TIMER ENA register. Each timer is enabled (1) or disabled (0) by a corresponding bit of the enable register.
10.12.1
Registers Timer registers, prefix TIMER Type Reset Abbrev Description r/w 0 CONFIG[7:0] Timer configuration r/w 0 ENABLE[1:0] Timer enable r/w 0 T0L Timer0 startvalue - LSBs r/w 0 T0H Timer0 startvalue - MSBs r/w 0 T0CNTL Timer0 counter - LSBs r/w 0 T0CNTH Timer0 counter - MSBs r/w 0 T1L Timer1 startvalue - LSBs r/w 0 T1H Timer1 startvalue - MSBs r/w 0 T1CNTL Timer1 counter - LSBs r/w 0 T1CNTH Timer1 counter - MSBs
Reg 0xC030 0xC031 0xC034 0xC035 0xC036 0xC037 0xC038 0xC039 0xC03A 0xC03B
10.12.2 Configuration TIMER CONFIG TIMER CONFIG Bits Bits Description 7:0 Master clock divider
Name TIMER CF CLKDIV
TIMER CF CLKDIV is the master clock divider for all timer clocks. The generated internal clock fm frequency fi = c+1 , where fm is the master clock frequency and c is TIMER CF CLKDIV. Example: With a 12 MHz master clock, TIMER CF DIV=3 divides the master clock by 4, and the output/sampling clock would thus be fi = 12M Hz = 3M Hz. 3+1
Version 0.6,
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.12.3 Configuration TIMER ENABLE TIMER ENABLE Bits Bits Description 1 Enable timer 1 0 Enable timer 0
Name TIMER EN T1 TIMER EN T0
10.12.4 Timer X Startvalue TIMER Tx[L/H] The 32-bit start value TIMER Tx[L/H] sets the initial counter value when the timer is reset. The timer fi interrupt frequency ft = c+1 where fi is the master clock obtained with the clock divider (see Chapter 10.12.2 and c is TIMER Tx[L/H]. Example: With a 12 MHz master clock and with TIMER CF CLKDIV=3, the master clock fi = 3M Hz. If TIMER TH=0, TIMER TL=99, then the timer interrupt frequency ft = 3M Hz = 30kHz. 99+1
10.12.5
Timer X Counter TIMER TxCNT[L/H]
TIMER TxCNT[L/H] contains the current counter values. By reading this register pair, the user may get knowledge of how long it will take before the next timer interrupt. Also, by writing to this register, a one-shot different length timer interrupt delay may be realized.
10.12.6
Interrupts
Each timer has its own interrupt, which is asserted when the timer counter underflows.
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
I2S DAC Interface
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.13
The I2S Interface makes it possible to attach an external DAC to the system.
10.13.1 Registers I2S registers, prefix I2S Type Reset Abbrev Description r/w 0 CONFIG[3:0] I2S configuration
Reg 0xC040
10.13.2 Configuration I2S CONFIG I2S CONFIG Bits Description Enables the MCLK output (12.288 MHz) Enables I2S, otherwise pins are GPIO I2S rate, "10" = 192, "01" = 96, "00" = 48 kHz
Name I2S CF MCLK ENA I2S CF ENA I2S CF SRATE
Bits 3 2 1:0
I2S CF ENA enables the I2S interface. After reset the interface is disabled and the pins are used for GPIO. I2S CF MCLK ENA enables the MCLK output. The frequency is either directly the input clock (nominal 12.288 MHz), or half the input clock when mode register bit SM CLK RANGE is set to 1 (2426 MHz input clock). I2S CF SRATE controls the output samplerate. When set to 48 kHz, SCLK is MCLK divided by 8, when 96 kHz SCLK is MCLK divided by 4, and when 192 kHz SCLK is MCLK divided by 2.
MCLK
SCLK
LROUT
SDATA
MSB Left Channel Word
LSB
MSB Right Channel Word
Figure 16: I2S Interface, 192 kHz. To enable I2S first write 0xc017 to SCI WRAMADDR and 0x33 to SCI WRAM, then write 0xc040 to SCI WRAMADDR and 0x0c to SCI WRAM.
Version 0.6,
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64
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
System Vector Tags
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.14
The System Vector Tags are tags that may be replaced by the user to take control over several decoder functions.
10.14.1 AudioInt, 0x20 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi DAC_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the audio interrupt.
10.14.2
SciInt, 0x21
Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi SCI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SCI interrupt.
10.14.3
DataInt, 0x22
Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi SDI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SDI interrupt.
10.14.4
ModuInt, 0x23
Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi MODU_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the AD Modulator interrupt.
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.14.5 TxInt, 0x24 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the UART TX interrupt.
10.14.6
RxInt, 0x25
Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi RX_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the UART RX interrupt.
10.14.7
Timer0Int, 0x26
Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the Timer 0 interrupt.
10.14.8
Timer1Int, 0x27
Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1 The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the Timer 1 interrupt.
Version 0.6,
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VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
10.14.9 UserCodec, 0x0 Normally contains the following VS DSP assembly code: jr nop If the user wants to take control away from the standard decoder, the first instruction should be replaced with an appropriate j command to user's own code. Unless the user is feeding MP3 or WMA data at the same time, the system activates the user program in less than 1 ms. After this, the user should steal interrupt vectors from the system, and insert user programs.
10.15
System Vector Functions
The System Vector Functions are pointers to some functions that the user may call to help implementing his own applications.
10.15.1 WriteIRam(), 0x2 VS DSP C prototype: void WriteIRam(register i0 u int16 *addr, register a1 u int16 msW, register a0 u int16 lsW); This is the preferred way to write to the User Instruction RAM.
10.15.2
ReadIRam(), 0x4
VS DSP C prototype: u int32 ReadIRam(register i0 u int16 *addr); This is the preferred way to read from the User Instruction RAM. A1 contains the MSBs and a0 the LSBs of the result.
10.15.3
DataBytes(), 0x6
VS DSP C prototype:
Version 0.6,
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67
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
10. VS1033 REGISTERS
u int16 DataBytes(void); If the user has taken over the normal operation of the system by switching the pointer in UserCodec to point to his own code, he may read data from the Data Interface through this and the following two functions. This function returns the number of data bytes that can be read.
10.15.4 GetDataByte(), 0x8 VS DSP C prototype: u int16 GetDataByte(void); Reads and returns one data byte from the Data Interface. This function will wait until there is enough data in the input buffer.
10.15.5 GetDataWords(), 0xa VS DSP C prototype: void GetDataWords(register i0 y u int16 *d, register a0 u int16 n); Read n data byte pairs and copy them in big-endian format (first byte to MSBs) to d. This function will wait until there is enough data in the input buffer.
10.15.6
Reboot(), 0xc
VS DSP C prototype: void Reboot(void); Causes a software reboot, i.e. jump to the standard firmware without reinitializing the IRAM vectors. This is NOT the same as the software reset function, which causes complete initialization.
Version 0.6,
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68
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
VS1033A
11. DOCUMENT VERSION CHANGES
11
Document Version Changes
This chapter describes the most important changes to this document.
11.1
Version 0.6 for VS1033a, 2005-01-05
* ADPCM recording section added (section 9.4)
11.2
Version 0.5, 2005-10-21
* More detailed info about fast forward / rewind.
Version 0.6,
2005-01-05
69
VLSI
Solution
y
VS1033a PRELIMINARY
12 Contact Information
VLSI Solution Oy Hermiankatu 6-8 C FIN-33720 Tampere FINLAND Fax: +358-3-316 5220 Phone: +358-3-316 5230 Email: sales@vlsi.fi URL: http://www.vlsi.fi/
VS1033A
12. CONTACT INFORMATION
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